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board exams
a set of tests you take to be allowed to work in a particular area as a doctor, nurse, etc.:
medical/nursing/dental board exams
medical/nursing/dental board exams
tutorial
noun
1 a book or a computer program that gives instructions on how to do something:
For new users, we have an on-line tutorial and a workbook.
2 a class in which a small group of students discusses a subject with a tutor, especially at a university or college:
We had a very interesting tutorial on climate change.
For new users, we have an on-line tutorial and a workbook.
2 a class in which a small group of students discusses a subject with a tutor, especially at a university or college:
We had a very interesting tutorial on climate change.
aguish
noun
a feeling of great physical or emotional pain:
The rejection filled him with anguish.
The rejection filled him with anguish.
Dmographic Dvidend
The demographic dividend is a rise in the rate of economic growth due to a rising share of working age people in a population. This usually occurs late in the demographic transition when thefertility rate falls and the youth dependency rate declines. During this demographic window of opportunity, output per capita rises. It has been argued that the demographic dividend played a role in the "economic miracles" of the East Asian Tigers[1] [2]and that the economic boom in Ireland in the 1990s (the Celtic tiger) was in part due to the legalization of contraception in 1979 and subsequent decline in the fertility rate [3]. In Ireland the ratio of workers to dependents improved due to lower fertility but was raised further by increased female labor market participation and a reversal from outward migration of working age population to a net inflow. Africa, on the other hand continues to have high fertility and youth dependency rates, which contribute to its economic stagnation [4]. The magnitude of the demographic dividend appears to be dependent on the ability of the economy to absorb and productively employ the extra workers [5], rather than be a pure demographic gift.Low fertility initially leads to low youth dependency and a high ratio of working age to total population. However as the relatively large working age cohort grows older, population aging sets in. The graph shows the ratio of working age to dependent population (those 15 to 64 years old, divided by those above or below this age range - the inverse of the dependency ratio) based on data and projections from the United Nations.
cutthroat 1
a cutthroat activity or situation is one in which people behave in an unfair or immoral way in order to get an advantage over other people
humanities
subjects such as history, literature, and PHILOSOPHY that are based on the study of human culture and ideas
overwhelmingly
adverb *
used for emphasizing the amount or strength of something:
Residents voted overwhelmingly in support of the plan.
an overwhelmingly popular and successful government
Residents voted overwhelmingly in support of the plan.
an overwhelmingly popular and successful government
mutate
verb [I]
1 to develop new physical characteristics because of a permanent change in the genes. These changes can happen naturally or can be produced by the use of chemicals or radiation:
These bacteria have mutated into forms that are resistant to certain drugs.
2 to change from one thing or type of thing into another:
Jon has mutated from an awkward teenager into a sophisticated young man.
1 to develop new physical characteristics because of a permanent change in the genes. These changes can happen naturally or can be produced by the use of chemicals or radiation:
These bacteria have mutated into forms that are resistant to certain drugs.
2 to change from one thing or type of thing into another:
Jon has mutated from an awkward teenager into a sophisticated young man.
excrete
verb [I or T] FORMAL
to get rid of waste material such as excrement or urine from the body:
Most toxins are naturally excreted from the body.
excretion
noun [C or U] FORMAL
Excretion is one of several activities common to both plants and animals.
to get rid of waste material such as excrement or urine from the body:
Most toxins are naturally excreted from the body.
excretion
noun [C or U] FORMAL
Excretion is one of several activities common to both plants and animals.
spike (POINT)noun [C]
1 a narrow thin shape with a sharp point at one end, or something, especially a piece of metal, with this shape:
There were large spikes on top of the railings to stop people climbing over them.
Some types of dinosaur had sharp spikes on their tails.
2 spikes a set of short pointed pieces of metal or plastic fixed to the bottom of shoes worn for particular sports, which stop the person wearing the shoes from sliding on the ground, or shoes with these pointed pieces
spike
verb [T]
to push a sharp point into something or someone:
She got badly spiked when one of the runners trod on her heel.
1 a narrow thin shape with a sharp point at one end, or something, especially a piece of metal, with this shape:
There were large spikes on top of the railings to stop people climbing over them.
Some types of dinosaur had sharp spikes on their tails.
2 spikes a set of short pointed pieces of metal or plastic fixed to the bottom of shoes worn for particular sports, which stop the person wearing the shoes from sliding on the ground, or shoes with these pointed pieces
spike
verb [T]
to push a sharp point into something or someone:
She got badly spiked when one of the runners trod on her heel.
mania
1 an extremely strong enthusiasm for something, especially among a lot of people
2 MEDICAL a mental illness that makes someone behave in an unusually excited and energetic way
2 MEDICAL a mental illness that makes someone behave in an unusually excited and energetic way
underfinanced
adjective
without being given enough money to operate effectively: UNDERFUNDED
enroll
verb [intransitive or transitive]
to put your name on the official list of students who go to a particular school, university, course, etc., or put another person's name on the list for them:
I had just enrolled at USC when the war started
I had just enrolled at USC when the war started
ratio
noun [count] ***
a relationship between two things expressed by two numbers or amounts:
a teacher-student ratio of 1:20 (=1 teacher for every 20 students)
the ratio of something to something: The ratio of expenditure to revenue was an alarming 4:1.
sex ratio (=numbers of men and women): We are aiming for a more equal sex ratio on our staff.
a teacher-student ratio of 1:20 (=1 teacher for every 20 students)
the ratio of something to something: The ratio of expenditure to revenue was an alarming 4:1.
sex ratio (=numbers of men and women): We are aiming for a more equal sex ratio on our staff.
centerpiece
noun [count]
1 a decoration or arrangement of flowers that you put in the middle of something, especially in the middle of a table
2 the most important feature of something:
Clearly health care is the centerpiece of our agenda.
2 the most important feature of something:
Clearly health care is the centerpiece of our agenda.
compulsory
adjective **
something that is compulsory must be done because of a rule or law:
A school outfit is no longer compulsory.
─ opposite OPTIONAL
A school outfit is no longer compulsory.
─ opposite OPTIONAL
vacancy
noun *
1 [count] a job that is available for someone to do:
We have several vacancies to fill in the Sales Department.
vacancy for: There are always plenty of vacancies for bar staff.
2 [count] a room in a hotel that is available for someone to stay in:
We have no vacancies at all in July.
3 [uncount] FORMAL lack of intelligence or interest
We have several vacancies to fill in the Sales Department.
vacancy for: There are always plenty of vacancies for bar staff.
2 [count] a room in a hotel that is available for someone to stay in:
We have no vacancies at all in July.
3 [uncount] FORMAL lack of intelligence or interest
odd
adjective ***
▸ 1 unusual
▸ 2 not frequent/regular
▸ 3 of different types etc.
▸ 4 not even in number
▸ 5 lacking its pair
▸ 6 not exact in number
▸ + PHRASES
strike someone as odd (=make someone think that something is unexpected): It struck me as odd that there was no reply to my letter.
odd-sounding: an odd-sounding name
odd-looking: The children were very odd-looking in their costumes.
the odd thing is (that) (=it is unexpected that): But the odd thing was that I didn't feel guilty.
that's odd: That's odd, I thought I left my coat on the chair.
▸ 2 not frequent/regular
▸ 3 of different types etc.
▸ 4 not even in number
▸ 5 lacking its pair
▸ 6 not exact in number
▸ + PHRASES
strike someone as odd (=make someone think that something is unexpected): It struck me as odd that there was no reply to my letter.
odd-sounding: an odd-sounding name
odd-looking: The children were very odd-looking in their costumes.
the odd thing is (that) (=it is unexpected that): But the odd thing was that I didn't feel guilty.
that's odd: That's odd, I thought I left my coat on the chair.
recruit 1
verb **
1 [intransitive or transitive] to get someone to work in a company or join an organization:
We won't be recruiting again until next year.
1a. to get people to join the military
2 [transitive] to get someone to help you do something:
The church has recruited volunteers to help.
We won't be recruiting again until next year.
1a. to get people to join the military
2 [transitive] to get someone to help you do something:
The church has recruited volunteers to help.
cluster 1
noun [count] *
1 a small group of people or things that are very close to one another:
People stood in clusters around the noticeboards.
1a. TECHNICAL a lot of stars that are close to each other
2 TECHNICAL a series of events of the same type, for example cases of a disease, that all happen in the same place or around the same time
People stood in clusters around the noticeboards.
1a. TECHNICAL a lot of stars that are close to each other
2 TECHNICAL a series of events of the same type, for example cases of a disease, that all happen in the same place or around the same time
derail
verb
1 [transitive] to make a train come off its RAILS
1a. [intransitive] if a train derails, it comes off its rails
2 [transitive] MAINLY JOURNALISM to prevent something from continuing in the way it was planned:
Disagreements between the two parties have derailed peace talks.
de·rail·ment noun [count or uncount]
1a. [intransitive] if a train derails, it comes off its rails
2 [transitive] MAINLY JOURNALISM to prevent something from continuing in the way it was planned:
Disagreements between the two parties have derailed peace talks.
de·rail·ment noun [count or uncount]
drill
verb *
▸ 1 make hole with tool
▸ 2 soldiers practicing
▸ 3 teach by repeating
▸ 4 kick/hit ball hard
▸ 5 plant seeds in lines
▸ 2 soldiers practicing
▸ 3 teach by repeating
▸ 4 kick/hit ball hard
▸ 5 plant seeds in lines
Tst Pep
Test preparation (abbreviated test prep) or exam preparation primarily refers to educational courses designed to increase students' performance onstandardized tests, particularly entrance examinations used for admissions to institutions of higher education, such as college (e.g. the SAT and ACT),business school (the GMAT), law school (the LSAT), medical school (the MCAT), and graduate school (the GRE). Less commonly, the term is used to refer to studying for other types of tests.
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