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1.literacy (n.)the ability to read and write:
Far more resources are needed to improve adult literacy.
2.apt (a.)suitable or right for a particular situation:
an apt comment/description
3.evaluate (v.)to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount or value of something:
It's impossible to evaluate these results without knowing more about the research methods employed.
4.sludge (n.)soft wet earth or a substance that looks like this:
We seemed to spend the last mile of the walk knee-deep in sludge.
5.settlement (n.)an official agreement that finishes an argument:
It now seems unlikely that it will be possible to negotiate/reach a peaceful settlement of the conflict.
As part of their divorce settlement, Geoff agreed to let Polly keep the house.
6.legacy (n.)money or property that you receive from someone after they die:
An elderly cousin had left her a small legacy.
7.filter (n.)any of several types of equipment or devices for removing solids from liquids or gases, or for removing particular types of light:
a water filter
a dust filter
I like to experiment with different light filters on my camera.
Ozone is the earth's primary filter for ultraviolet radiation.
8.adolescent (a.)being or relating to an adolescent:
an adolescent boy
adolescent concerns/traumas/problems
9.paradox (n.)a situation or statement which seems impossible or is difficult to understand because it contains two opposite facts or characteristics:
[+ that] It's a curious paradox that drinking a lot of water can often make you feel thirsty.
10.credibility (n.)when someone can be believed or trusted:
His arrest for lewd behaviour seriously damaged his credibility as a religious leader.
He complained that we had tried to undermine his credibility within the company.
11.dupe (n.)someone who has been tricked:
an innocent dupe
12.environmentalist (n.)An environmentalist is a person who is concerned with protecting and preserving the natural environment, for example by preventing pollution.
13.swath (n.)a long strip or large area especially of land:
Huge swathes of rain forest are being cleared for farming and mining.
14.consign (v.)to send something to someone:
The goods have been consigned to you by air.
15.sophisticated (a.)having a good understanding of the way people behave and/or a good knowledge of culture and fashion:
She was slim, svelte and sophisticated.
I don't suppose I have any books that would suit your sophisticated tastes.
He was older than me and from London and I thought him very sophisticated.
16.teem (v.)to rain heavily:
It's been teeming down all day.
It's teeming with rain.
17.espresso (n.)strong coffee, or a cup of this, made by forcing hot water through crushed coffee beans and served without milk:
Do you like espresso?
Would you prefer an espresso or a cappuccino?
18.slang (n.)very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written, used especially by particular groups of people:
army slang
a slang expression
'Chicken' is slang for someone who isn't very brave.
19.pervade (v.)When qualities, characteristics or smells pervade a place or thing, they spread through it and are present in every part of it:
The film is a reflection of the violence that pervades American culture.
20.narrative (v.)to tell a story, often by reading aloud from a text, or to describe events as they happen:
Documentaries are often narrated by well-known actors.
21.perfunctory (a.)
done quickly, without taking care or interest:
His smile was perfunctory.
22.superficial (a.)not complete and involving only the most obvious things:
I thought that article was written at a very superficial level.
The documentary's treatment/analysis of the issues was very superficial.
23.confront (v.)to face, meet or deal with a difficult situation or person:
As she left the court, she was confronted by angry crowds who tried to block her way.
It's an issue we'll have to confront at some point, no matter how unpleasant it is.
I thought I would remain calm, but when I was confronted with/by the TV camera, I became very nervous.
24.archivist (n.)a collection of historical records relating to a place, organization or family:
archive film/footage/material
These old photographs should go in the family archives.
25.convert (v.)to (cause something or someone to) change in form, character or opinion:
Could we convert the small bedroom into a second bathroom?
26.decontextualize (v.)to remove from a context
27.expert (n.)a person with a high level of knowledge or skill; a specialist:
a gardening/medical expert
My mother is an expert at dress-making (= she does it very well).
28.forgo (v.)to not have or do something enjoyable:
I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week.
29.digitize (v.)to digitize information means to turn it into a form that can be read easily by a computer.
The picture is digitised by a scanner.
collection
30.ease (v.)to make or become less severe, difficult, unpleasant, painful, etc:
To ease the problem of overcrowding, new prisons will be built.
31.scope (n.)the range of a subject covered by a book, programme, discussion, class, etc:
I'm afraid that problem is beyond/outside the scope of my lecture.
32.formulate (v.)to develop all the details of a plan for doing something:
to formulate a new plan
to formulate legislation
33.robust (a.)(of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail:
He looks robust and healthy enough.
a robust pair of walking boots
a robust economy
34.discipline (n.)training which produces obedience or self-control, often in the form of rules, and punishments if these are broken, or the obedience or self-control produced by this training:
parental/military/school discipline
There should be better discipline in schools.
I don't have enough (self) discipline to save money.
35.binding (n.)(especially of an agreement) which cannot be legally avoided or stopped:
a binding agreement
The contract wasn't legally binding.
Far more resources are needed to improve adult literacy.
2.apt (a.)suitable or right for a particular situation:
an apt comment/description
3.evaluate (v.)to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount or value of something:
It's impossible to evaluate these results without knowing more about the research methods employed.
4.sludge (n.)soft wet earth or a substance that looks like this:
We seemed to spend the last mile of the walk knee-deep in sludge.
5.settlement (n.)an official agreement that finishes an argument:
It now seems unlikely that it will be possible to negotiate/reach a peaceful settlement of the conflict.
As part of their divorce settlement, Geoff agreed to let Polly keep the house.
6.legacy (n.)money or property that you receive from someone after they die:
An elderly cousin had left her a small legacy.
7.filter (n.)any of several types of equipment or devices for removing solids from liquids or gases, or for removing particular types of light:
a water filter
a dust filter
I like to experiment with different light filters on my camera.
Ozone is the earth's primary filter for ultraviolet radiation.
8.adolescent (a.)being or relating to an adolescent:
an adolescent boy
adolescent concerns/traumas/problems
9.paradox (n.)a situation or statement which seems impossible or is difficult to understand because it contains two opposite facts or characteristics:
[+ that] It's a curious paradox that drinking a lot of water can often make you feel thirsty.
10.credibility (n.)when someone can be believed or trusted:
His arrest for lewd behaviour seriously damaged his credibility as a religious leader.
He complained that we had tried to undermine his credibility within the company.
11.dupe (n.)someone who has been tricked:
an innocent dupe
12.environmentalist (n.)An environmentalist is a person who is concerned with protecting and preserving the natural environment, for example by preventing pollution.
13.swath (n.)a long strip or large area especially of land:
Huge swathes of rain forest are being cleared for farming and mining.
14.consign (v.)to send something to someone:
The goods have been consigned to you by air.
15.sophisticated (a.)having a good understanding of the way people behave and/or a good knowledge of culture and fashion:
She was slim, svelte and sophisticated.
I don't suppose I have any books that would suit your sophisticated tastes.
He was older than me and from London and I thought him very sophisticated.
16.teem (v.)to rain heavily:
It's been teeming down all day.
It's teeming with rain.
17.espresso (n.)strong coffee, or a cup of this, made by forcing hot water through crushed coffee beans and served without milk:
Do you like espresso?
Would you prefer an espresso or a cappuccino?
18.slang (n.)very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written, used especially by particular groups of people:
army slang
a slang expression
'Chicken' is slang for someone who isn't very brave.
19.pervade (v.)When qualities, characteristics or smells pervade a place or thing, they spread through it and are present in every part of it:
The film is a reflection of the violence that pervades American culture.
20.narrative (v.)to tell a story, often by reading aloud from a text, or to describe events as they happen:
Documentaries are often narrated by well-known actors.
21.perfunctory (a.)
done quickly, without taking care or interest:
His smile was perfunctory.
22.superficial (a.)not complete and involving only the most obvious things:
I thought that article was written at a very superficial level.
The documentary's treatment/analysis of the issues was very superficial.
23.confront (v.)to face, meet or deal with a difficult situation or person:
As she left the court, she was confronted by angry crowds who tried to block her way.
It's an issue we'll have to confront at some point, no matter how unpleasant it is.
I thought I would remain calm, but when I was confronted with/by the TV camera, I became very nervous.
24.archivist (n.)a collection of historical records relating to a place, organization or family:
archive film/footage/material
These old photographs should go in the family archives.
25.convert (v.)to (cause something or someone to) change in form, character or opinion:
Could we convert the small bedroom into a second bathroom?
26.decontextualize (v.)to remove from a context
27.expert (n.)a person with a high level of knowledge or skill; a specialist:
a gardening/medical expert
My mother is an expert at dress-making (= she does it very well).
28.forgo (v.)to not have or do something enjoyable:
I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week.
29.digitize (v.)to digitize information means to turn it into a form that can be read easily by a computer.
The picture is digitised by a scanner.
collection
30.ease (v.)to make or become less severe, difficult, unpleasant, painful, etc:
To ease the problem of overcrowding, new prisons will be built.
31.scope (n.)the range of a subject covered by a book, programme, discussion, class, etc:
I'm afraid that problem is beyond/outside the scope of my lecture.
32.formulate (v.)to develop all the details of a plan for doing something:
to formulate a new plan
to formulate legislation
33.robust (a.)(of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail:
He looks robust and healthy enough.
a robust pair of walking boots
a robust economy
34.discipline (n.)training which produces obedience or self-control, often in the form of rules, and punishments if these are broken, or the obedience or self-control produced by this training:
parental/military/school discipline
There should be better discipline in schools.
I don't have enough (self) discipline to save money.
35.binding (n.)(especially of an agreement) which cannot be legally avoided or stopped:
a binding agreement
The contract wasn't legally binding.
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