Folklore: traditional stories, sayings, and beliefs from a particular region or community

Myth: an ancient traditional story about gods, HEROES, and magic

Legend: an old story about famous people and events in the past. Legends are not usually true 

 

Aesop (ca. 620-564 BC), known for the genre of fables ascribed to him, was by tradition born a slave and was a contemporary of Croesus and Solon  in the mid-sixth century BC in ancient Greece.

*the sage of Lydia

*a slave

*trumped-up charge

*the Delphians subsequently suffered pestilence and famine

*The Aesop Romance(fictional biography, also known as the Vita or The Life of Aesop or The Book of Xanthus the Philosopher and Aesop His Slave), "an anonymous work of Greek popular literature composed around the second century of our era....Like The Alexander Romance, The Aesop Romance became a folkbook, a work that belonged to no one, and the occasional writer felt free to modify as it might suit him."

* he did not create the genre(the earliest known story with talking animals in ancient Greek is the fable of the hawk and the nightingale from Hesiod)

* Socrate: "As I have no invention, I took some fables of Aesop, which I had ready at hand and knew, and turned them into verse."

* The fables known today in some cases bear little relation to the original fables of Aesop.

 

Fables

Fables are stories that impart a moral or practical lesson and usually feature animals. The most famous creator of fables was Aesop. Various collections that go under the rubric Aesop's Fables are currently available in book form (especially books for children) and the stories are often dramatized as plays and cartoons.

 

Some of the earliest known Aesopic fables concern the Greek gods, but those best-known today feature animals that speak and have human characteristics, such as the Tortoise and the Hare or the Ant and the Grasshopper.

 

fabulist

1.a creator or writer of fables
2.a liar

Aesop's Fables or Aesopica refers to a collection of fables credited to Aesop, a slave and story-teller who lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 560 BC. His fables are some of the most well known in the world. The fables remain a popular choice for moral education of children today. Many stories included in Aesop's Fables, such as The Fox and the Grapes (from which the idiom  "sour grapes" derives), The Tortoise and the Hare, The North Wind and the Sun, The Boy Who Cried Wolf and The Ant and the Grasshopper are well-known throughout the world.

 

... like those who dine well off the plainest dishes, he made use of humble incidents to teach great truths, and after serving up a story he adds to it the advice to do a thing or not to do it. Then, too, he was really more attached to truth than the poets are; for the latter do violence to their own stories in order to make them probable; but he by announcing a story which everyone knows not to be true, told the truth by the very fact that he did not claim to be relating real events.

And there is another charm about him, namely, that he puts animals in a pleasing light and makes them interesting to mankind. For after being brought up from childhood with these stories, and after being as it were nursed by them from babyhood, we acquire certain opinions of the several animals and think of some of them as royal animals, of others as silly, of others as witty, and others as innocent. (Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana, Book V:14)

Aristotle was a keen systematic collector of riddles, folklore, and proverbs; he had a special interest in the riddles of the Delphic Oracle  and studied the fables of Aesop.


Note on Selected Children's Literature  by Tony Guo 5/6

sour grapes

 

tortoise

都是兔子

  • hare: an animal like a rabbit but larger, which can run very quickly
  • March hare: a character in the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) by Lewis Carroll. He is a crazy hare who talks nonsense.
  • rabbit: a small animal with long ears and soft fur that some people keep as a pet
  • bunny:a RABBIT. This word is used by children or when talking to children.

 

Greek historian= Herodotus

 

learn

= get informed

 

pro-->in favor of

  • profligate (a.)wasting money or other things
  • peofuse (a.)used for describing someone who works hard for little money or who feels they are not respected in their job
  • propitious (a.)with the conditions or qualities needed for a successful result


Aesop's fable -->breast fable/story

moral lesson

short coming

ironic

animal character

 

Caxton

illustration

New Berry

 

sculpted

good provisions of +O~

be contented with

wrap up chat


Note on class!

  1. 安徒生童話丹麥
  2.  格林童話→德國
  3.  伊索寓言→希臘
  4.  Caption: words printed above or below a picture in a book or newspaper or on a television screen to explain what the picture is showing
  5.  

<c.f.>subtitle: the words printed over a film in a foreign language to translate what is being said by the actors

  • derive= come from
  1. Academic
  • Academia
  • l  Sweet and sour
  • l  depict


1. Which story does this moral come from? "Enemies' promises are made to be broken".

(A)    The Nurse and the Wolf

(B)     The Wolf and the Crane

(C)     The Wolf in sheep's clothing

(D)    The Wolf and the Goat

 

2. Which does this moral come from? "Avoid too-powerful neighbors".

(A)    The Two Crabs

(B)     The Vain Crow

(C)     The Two Frogs

(D)    The Two Pots

 

3. Which story does this moral come from? "Do not count your chickens before they are hatched"

(A)    The Ass And His Driver

(B)     Androcles And The Lion

(C)     The Milkmaid And Her Pail

(D)    The Ass Carrying Salt

 

4. Which story does this moral come from? "Trust not in him that seems a saint".

(A)    The Shepherd And The Sea

(B)     The Ant and the Grasshopper

(C)     The Angler and the Little Fish

(D)    Mercury and the Woodman

 

5. Which story does this moral come from? "Honesty is the best policy".

(A)    The Hare And The Tortoise

(B)     The Man And The Satyr

(C)     Mercury And The Woodman

(D)    The Lioness

 

6. Which story does this moral come from? "It is not safe to trust the advice of a man in difficulties".

(A)    The Fox And the Hedgehog

(B)     The Fox and the Lion

(C)     The Fox Without a Tail

(D)    The Fox And the Goat

 

7. Which story does this moral come from? "How sorry we would be if many of our wishes were granted".

(A)    The Old Man and Death

(B)     The Old Woman and The Physician

(C)     The Old Woman and Her Maids

(D)    Mercury and the Sculptor

 

8. Which story does this moral come from? "You can't please everybody".

(A)    The Monkey and the Camel

(B)     The Miser

(C)     The Monkey and the Dolphin

(D)    The Father and his Two Daughters

 

9. Which story does this moral come from? "They who enter by the back stairs may expect to be shown out at the window".

(A)    The Dog Invited to Dinner

(B)     The Dog in the Manger

(C)     The Dog and the Shadow

(D)    The Dog in the Castle

 

10. Which story does this moral come from? "Slow and steady wins the race".

(A)    The Hares and the Frog

(B)     The Hare with many Friends

(C)     The Hare and the Hound

The Hare and the Tortoise

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