1.discern (v.)to see, recognize or understand something that is not clear:
I could just discern a figure in the darkness.
It is difficult to discern any pattern in these figures.


2.hit (v.)to swing your hand or an object onto the surface of something so that it touches it, usually with force:
Teachers are not allowed to hit their pupils.
This type of glass won't shatter no matter how hard you hit it.


3.territory (n.)(an area of) land or sometimes sea, which is considered as belonging to or connected with a particular country or person:
He was shot down in enemy territory.
The UN is sending aid to the occupied territories.


4.context (n.)the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it:
It is important to see all the fighting and bloodshed in his plays in historical context.


5.multiplicity (n.)a large number or wide range (of something):
There is a multiplicity of fashion magazines to choose from.


6.provost (n.)UK (in some universities) the person in charge of a particular college:
the Provost of King's College, Cambridge


7.distinctive (a.)Something that is distinctive is easy to recognize because it is different from other things:
a distinctive smell/taste
She's got a very distinctive voice.


8.theorize (v.)to develop a set of ideas about something:
It's easy to theorize about what might have happened.


9.curate (n.)a job or period of time as a curate:
He's got a curacy in the North of England.


10.zillion (n.)an extremely large, but not a stated, number:
I've told you a zillion times/zillions of times not to do that.


11.arcane (a.)mysterious and known only by a few people:
He was the only person who understood all the arcane details of the agreement.
This argument may seem arcane to those not closely involved in the world of finance.


12.monograph (n.)a long article or a short book on a particular subject:
He has just published a monograph on Beethoven's symphonies.


13.precarious(adj.)in a dangerous state because not safe or firmly fixed
(eg.)The lorry was lodged in a very precarious way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff.


14.codependency(n.)a psychological condition or a relationship in which a person is controlled or manipulated by another who is affected with a pathological condition (as an addiction to alcohol or heroin) broadly : dependence on the needs of or control by another


15.akin (adj.)similar; having some of the same qualities
(eg.)They speak a language akin to French.


16.bleed (v.)to lose blood:
Your arm is bleeding.
He was bleeding heavily.


17.vitals (n.)the most important organs of the body, especially the heart and lungs


18.route (n.)a particular way or direction between places:
The route we had planned took us right across Greece.
I live on a bus route so I can easily get to work.


19.merciless (a.)having or showing no mercy:
There are reports of merciless attacks on innocent civilians.
There was no shelter from the merciless (= very strong) heat.


20.beckon (v.)to move your hand or head in a way that tells someone to come nearer:
The customs official beckoned the woman to his counter.
"Hey you!", she called, beckoning me over with her finger.
He beckoned to me, as if he wanted to speak to me.


21.swaddle (v.)to wrap a baby tightly in cloth:
Swaddling a baby tightly in a blanket can be a good way to stop it crying.


22.exhilarating (a.)making you feel very excited and happy:
an exhilarating walk in the mountains


23.balmy (a.)(of weather) pleasantly warm:
a balmy summer evening


24.horde (n.)a large group of people:
Hordes of students on bikes made crossing the road difficult.


25.coax (v.)to persuade someone gently to do something or go somewhere, by being kind and patient, or by appearing to be:
Perhaps you could coax your father into taking you to the station.


26.mangle (v.)to destroy something by twisting it with force or tearing it into pieces so that its original form is completely changed:
My sweater got mangled in the washing machine.
His arm was mangled in the machine


27.pastoral (a.)describes the part of the work of teachers and priests that involves giving help and advice about personal matters:
A priest's pastoral duties include helping the poor and sick.


28.imposing (a.)having an appearance which looks important or causes admiration:
an imposing mansion
He was an imposing figure on stage.


29.renowned (a.)A person or place that is renowned for something, usually something good, is well known because of it.
The area is renowned for its Romanesque churches...


30.intertwine (v.)to twist or be twisted together, or to be connected so as to be difficult to separate:
The town's prosperity is inextricably intertwined with the fortunes of the factory.
The trees' branches intertwined to form a dark roof over the path.


31.anomaly (n.)a person or thing that is different from what is usual, or not in agreement with something else and therefore not satisfactory:
Statistical anomalies can make it difficult to compare economic data from one year to the next.


32.bolster (v.)to support or improve something or make it stronger:
More money is needed to bolster the industry.




33.sentiment (n.)a thought, opinion or idea based on a feeling about a situation, or a way of thinking about something:
Nationalist sentiment has increased in the area since the bombing.


34.hodgepodge (n.)a confused mixture of different things:
New Age thinking seems to be a hotchpotch of old and new ideas.


35.dynamic (a.)having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm; energetic and forceful:
She's young and dynamic and will be a great addition to the team.
We need a dynamic expansion of trade with other countries.
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